Russian Cyberwarfare Doctrine and America’s Counterstrategy: A New Digital Battlefield
Introduction For more than three decades, the Russian Federation has systematically leveraged cyber capabilities as a core instrument of state power against the United States. Framed under Moscow’s doctrine of “information confrontation,” Russian cyber operations blend espionage, sabotage, and influence campaigns into a single strategic toolkit. As geopolitical tensions deepen, this sustained campaign poses escalating […]